 Most viewed - Sweeney Family
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1865 circa Sweeney heirloom emu egg - view 3277 viewsThis traditionally carved emu egg was passed onto Mary Carrucan (nee Sweeney) by her father John Sweeney. It was on display in this old pink vase in the dining room at the Dalton Street farm house for some 60 years. It is believed that the egg was given to John Sweeney in the 1850s by the local First Peoples. The vase itself was also a gift to John Sweeney and his wife Ellen Kenney.
This is 1 of 3 views of the emu egg, showing the full extent of the carving.
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1923 Frank and May Ryan with Sheila Kitty and Ellie on their way to Eltham on motorbike and sidecar for Ellen Sweeney's wedding187 viewsFrancis Michael "Frank" Ryan (1887-1965) was one of the children of John Francis Ryan (1855-1921) and Ellen Sweeney (1845-1932).
He married Mary Ann "May" Smale in January 1916.
Frank and May are shown on their motorbike with children Cecelia Mary "Sheila" (born 1916), Catherine Ellen "Kitty" (born 1917) and Eileen Margaret "Ellie" (born 1919). They had one further child, John Francis "Jack" who was born in 1924. At the time of this photo, there were only the 3 older daughters.
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1914 circa - Culla Hill Mary Carrucan nee Sweeney with oldest child Patrick180 viewsThis photo shows Mary Carrucan nee Sweeney with oldest child Patrick, who was born in 1911. Mary was a grand daughter of Thomas Sweeney
Peter Cuffley discusses this photo as follows
It is a wonderful image and reflects the remarkable ability with wood the early Sweeneys had. The homemade seat is in a tradition of Australian bush furniture which Kevin Carney and I wrote about in our 1974 book ‘A CATALOGUE AND HISTORY OF COTTAGE CHAIRS IN AUSTRALIA.’ Not only is it a classic example of hand whittled ingenuity, in the background is a fine example of a picket fence which is entirely made of hand-split bush timber. The posts and the rails are all hand-split and not milled, but even better, every single picket is hand-split! To add further to the importance of the picture, the seat is actually in the Irish hand-made furniture tradition. In 1993 Claudia Kinmonth brought out a superb book called ‘IRISH COUNTRY FURNITURE 1700-1950.’ An up-dated edition was released in 2020 titled ‘Irish Country Furniture and Furnishings 1700-2000.’
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1910 approx - Patrick Sweeney178 viewsPatrick Sweeney, the eldest of six children born to Thomas Sweeney and Margaret Sweeney nee Meehan, was born in 1838 in Melbourne and grew up at Culla Hill, the family property in Eltham. He died in 1919. His address at the time of his death was 577 Rae St, North Fitzroy, where he lived with his daughter Ellen (Nessie).
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1908 - Sweeney Carrucan tennis group, Eltham172 viewsThis photo, taken in 1908 at the Lower Eltham park, shows various Sweeney and Carrucan family members. Cathleen Cuffley, the daughter of Frank Ryan, has identified a number of the players
Kathleen 'Kassie' Sweeney - back row, right hand end
Nellie Sweeney, daughter of Patrick Sweeney - back row, third from right
Frank Ryan, son of Ellie Sweeney - back row centre (fourth from right)
Will Oliver - front row, right most person
Nellie Oliver (Smith) - front row, second from right
Mary Sweeney - front row (third from right)
Michael Carrucan - front row centre (fourth from right)
Frank Carrucan, who married Kassie Sweeney - lying in front, leftmost of the 2 men
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1868-11-10 John Francis Sweeney and Ellen Mary Kenney marriage at St John's Church in Heidelberg172 viewsThis historic photo captures the wedding of John Francis Sweeney and Ellen Mary Kenney on the 10th of November 1868 at St John’s Church in Heidelberg. Investigation of the original photo showed writing under a glued over backing sheet. Some of the text is indecipherable but it does include ‘To Dear Nellie with fondest love from E..DE..NE Culla Hill Eltham Victoria.’
The original is in the collection of the Eltham Historical Society and a copy has been purchased for our Sweeney archive.
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1902 John Francis Ryan and Ellen Elizabeth Sweeney with children Thomas John Margaret and Francis (Frank)168 viewsEllen Elizabeth Sweeney (1845-1932), one of the daughters of Thomas Sweeney, married John Francis Ryan in 1880 in Cormandel, NZ. They are shown here with their 4 children Thomas Joseph "Tom" (born 1882), Margaret Katherine "Tissa" (born 1883), John Desmond "Des" (born 1885) and Francis Michael "Frank" born 1887. They were living in Waihu, NZ, at the time.
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1906 approx - John Sweeney portrait circa 1906, when about 62 years of age167 viewsJohn Sweeney, the son of Thomas Sweeney, lived in Eltham all his life (1844-1909). My brother Michael Erickson has the original large portrait at his farm in country Victoria. The following is written on the back of the photo:
To my dear sister Ellie with much love
J. F. Sweeney
28/12/06
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1900 - John Sweeney with his 5 daughters at Culla Hill167 viewsThis photo of John Sweeney with his five daughters has been taken on the same day as the one with him in a buggy with his daughter Annie Cecile.
From left to right:
John Sweeney
Kathleen (1884-1916)
Mary Frances (1876-1961)
Annie Cecile (1869-1951) is third in line holding a puppy.
Ellen Irene 1874-1940
Elizabeth Agatha 1871-1917.
There are 2 points which date the photo to around 1900.
1. Kathleen was born in 1884 and looks around 15 of 16 in this photo.
2. Annie Cecile married John Patrick Foley in Waterford, Ireland on the 8th of January, 1901. She had her son Marcus in Wales in May, 1902, and a son Thomas in Perth in April 1903. She probably didn't get back to Culla Hill before her father died in 1909. She was a teacher in north-west New South Wales up to 1899.
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1910 approx - Patrick Sweeney167 viewsPatrick Sweeney, the eldest of six children born to Thomas Sweeney and Margaret Sweeney nee Meehan, was born in 1838 in Flinders St, Melbourne, and grew up at Culla Hill, the family property in Eltham.
Pat and his wife Mary (Fitzsimmons), who had been living in "Mount Pleasant" in Eltham, moved in 1881 and settled in North Fitzroy.
Pat died in 1919. His address at the time of his death was 577 Rae St, North Fitzroy, where he lived with his daughter Ellen (Nessie). This is probably where this photo was taken.
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1907 circa - Thomas and Kathleen Sweeney, postcard to Mary and Frank in WA166 viewsThis photo of Kathleen (Kas) and Thomas (Tom) Sweeney was sent as a postcard to older siblings Mary and Frank in Western Australia. It says in part
"Tom Prior took it as we were returning from a ride. You will recognise the hill; our young stock.....Pigs send their love. Only another 3 weeks to live....Tell Frank to try and come home this year. Anxiously waiting for your next letter. Dad's neck is a bit troublesome now. He is making a new fowl house and it is nearly finished. Went for a ride on my own today."
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1916 - wedding of Frank and May Ryan162 viewsFrank Ryan was one of four children born to Ellen Sweeney and John Ryan. Frank was born in 1887 at Coromandel in NZ. He married Mary Ann (May) Smale in 1916 in North Fitzroy and they had 4 children Cecilia (Sheila), Catherine) (Kitty), Eileen (Ellie) and John (Jack). He died in 1965 at the Alfred Hospital in Prahran. May died in 1937 at Black Rock where they lived.
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1910 approx - Culla Hill original hut - Ellen (Nana) and Kathleen (Cassie) Sweeney with Michael Carrucan and Michael O'Heare162 viewsNana (Ellen Sweeney) and Cassie (Kathleen Sweeney) proudly pose in front of this humble structure, the first hut built by Thomas Sweeney, possibly as early as 1843. John Francis Sweeney was probably born therein.
The two other figures are Mick Carrucan (who married Mary Sweeney in 1910) and Michael O'Heare, a well known local solicitor who was one of the groomsmen at Michael Carrucan's wedding in 1910.
These two photographs of the hut at Culla Hill are also prefect illustrations of the Sweeney family’s use of bush timber. Not only is the hut made split palings, split shingles and hand whittled slabs, the picket fence in the background is again made of split hardwood. We must make the best of these photographs to show how hard-working pioneers like our ancestors could turn the timber on their land into materials for their needs rather than purchase the products of commercial mills. It was the kind of ‘make-do’ ingenuity which bespeaks their humble Irish origins.
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1902 - John Francis Ryan and Ellen Elizabeth Sweeney with children Thomas John Margaret and Francis (Frank)162 viewsEllen Elizabeth Sweeney (1845-1932), one of the daughters of Thomas Sweeney, married John Francis Ryan in 1880 in Cormandel, NZ. They are shown here with their 4 children Thomas Joseph "Tom" (born 1882), Margaret Katherine "Tissa" (born 1883), John Desmond "Des" (born 1885) and Francis Michael "Frank" born 1887. They were living in Waihu, NZ, at the time.
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1900 approx - portrait of Mary Sweeney as a young lady161 viewsMary Sweeney was one of 5 daughters to John Sweeney - Portrait as a young lady, circa 1900.
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1910 - Sisters Annie Mary Sweeney and Mary Ellen (Nellie or Nessie) Sweeney161 viewsAnnie was the eldest child of Patrick Sweeney and Mary Fitzsimons. Born 25th May 1860 at Eltham, she married John Francis (Jack) Smith in May 1884 at St Brigid's Catholic Church, North Fitzroy. She died on 4th April 1934 in North Fitzroy.
Mary Ellen (Nessie) was youngest child of of Patrick Sweeney and Mary Fitzsimons. She was born on 26th May 1869 at Mt Pleasant in Eltham. In the 1909 Electoral Role, she is living at 51 Bennett St, North Fitzroy, with her father Pat Sweeney. She died on 21st March 1955 in North Fitzroy. She never married.
Peter Cuffley recalls visiting 'Nessie' and her niece Nelly Oliver (Smith) at 577 Rae St, North Fitzroy, with his mother Cath Cuffley, in the late 1940s. It was a weatherboard house with stables out the back and a large walnut tree.
The photograph is inscribed "To Dear Aunt Ellie, with love from Nell, April 10th 1910." Aunt Ellie was Ellen Ryan of Waiki, New Zealand.
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1907 circa - Thomas and Kathleen Sweeney, postcard to Mary and Fran in WA161 viewsThis is the back of the photo of Kathleen (Kas) and Thomas (Tom) Sweeney which was sent as a postcard to older siblings Tom and Mary in Western Australia. It says in part
"Tom Prior took it as we were returning from a ride. You will recognise the hill; our young stock.....Pigs send their love. Only another 3 weeks to live....Tell Frank to try and come home this year. Anxiously waiting for your next letter. Dad's neck is a bit troublesome now. He is making a new fowl house and it is nearly finished. Went for a ride on my own today."
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1901 - Ellen Sweeney Dance Invitation160 viewsA dance invitation extended to Miss Ellen Sweeney from the Bachelors of Edenhope.
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1895 circa Eltham State School No. 209 Dalton Street Eltham160 viewsThe Eltham Elementary School in Dalton Street (School Number 209) had been started in the 1850s and all the Sweeney children attended. At its peak, 2 teachers had to teach up to 100 children ranging in age from 3 to 14 in the old sandstone schoolroom. The early schooling was general in nature and focused on rudimentary reading and writing and basic farming capabilities.
Sourced from the Eltham District Historical Society.
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1900s - Margaret Katherine (Tissa) Ryan (1883-1960)159 viewsMargaret Katherine (Tissa) Ryan (1883-1960) was one of the children of John Francis Ryan (1855-1921) and Ellen Elizabeth (Ellie) Sweeney (1845-1932), one of the daughters of Thomas and Margaret Sweeney. She was born in Coromandel, New Zealand, and lived her life there.
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1930 circa at Culla Hill - Nellie Sweeney, Nellie Oliver, Nellie Murray and Nellie (Nana) Hooley nee Sweeney - Nana owned Culla Hill at this stage159 viewsA wonderful 1930 photo showing 4 Nellies on the front verandah of the Culla Hill homestead.
Ellen Mary (Nessie) Sweeney (1869-1955) - daughter of Patrick Carrucan and Mary Fitzsimons
Ellen (Nellie) Oliver nee Smith (1885-1956) - daughter of Jack Smith and Annie Sweeney
Ellen Mary (Nellie) Murray (1907-1938) - daughter of James Murray and Julia Brennan
Ellen Irene (Nelly) Hooley nee Sweeney (1874-1940) - daughter of John Sweeney and Ellen Kenney
A note on Ellen Mary (Nessie) Sweeney. She never married and worked at the Foy & Gibson factory in Collingwood. In later life, she lived with her niece Nelly Oliver so to save confusion people called her 'Nessie'.
I notice in lots of old references that people used both spellings, Nellie and Nelly. Patrick 1838-1919 calls his sister Ellen 'Ellie'. so that's another variation!
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1865 approx - Sweeney/Carrucan heirlooms - carved emu egg and vase158 viewsThis traditionally carved emu egg was passed onto Mary Carrucan (nee Sweeney) by her father John Sweeney. It was on display in this old pink vase in the dining room at the Dalton Street farm house for some 60 years. It is believed that the egg was given to John Sweeney in the 1850s by the local First Peoples.
The family story was that the vase itself was a gift to John Sweeney and Ellen Kenney on the occasion of their wedding on 10 Nov 1868, but it looks to be from a later time, so that is probably apocryphal.
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1900s One of the Sweeney daughters poses in front of the Culla Hill gate158 viewsA very interesting photo, showing the hand made front gate at the Culla Hill property
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1900 - John Sweeney and daughter Annie Cecile at Culla Hill158 viewsThis superb photo shows John Sweeney and his daughter Annie Cecile in a buggy outside the front gate of Culla Hill. Unfortunately the photo developer has put the words 'Bulla Hill' on the photo.
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1902 approx - John Francis (Frank) Sweeney158 viewsJohn Francis (Frank) Carrucan was the 9th of 10 children born to John Sweeney and Ellen Kenney. He was born at Eltham in 1882 and died in 1952 in Perth, West Australia.
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1865 circa Sweeney heirloom emu egg - view 1158 viewsThis traditionally carved emu egg was passed onto Mary Carrucan (nee Sweeney) by her father John Sweeney. It was on display in this old pink vase in the dining room at the Dalton Street farm house for some 60 years. It is believed that the egg was given to John Sweeney in the 1850s by the local First Peoples. The vase itself was also a gift to John Sweeney and his wife Ellen Kenney.
This is 1 of 3 views of the emu egg, showing the full extent of the carving.
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1830s Coastal Cutter - Peter Cuffley158 viewsUpon obtaining his Ticket of Leave in 1831, Thomas Sweeney set about becoming a coastal trader between Wollongong and Syddey. By 1833, he owned a half share in a small vessel called Sarah and was building a craft of some 40 tons. This old engraving, provided by Peter Cuffley, is typical of the sort of boat that Sweeney would have sailed.
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1921 - Betty Carrucan and Nellie Sweeney - Eltham Elementary School Grades 1 & 2157 viewsThe Eltham Elementary School in Dalton Street (School Number 209) had been started in the 1850s and was just a stone's throw from the Carrucan farms and not too far from Culla Hill. All the Carrucan and Sweeney children attended and this photo of the 1921 Grade 1 and 2 class shows 39 children ranging in ages from about 6 to 10. Betty Carrucan is fourth from the left in the second row from the front. Her aunt Nellie Sweeney is the teacher on the right.
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1904 - Kas Sweeney156 viewsThis photo shows Kathleen A Sweeney (Kas), the youngest of 10 children born to John Sweeney and Ellen Kenney. She was born in October 1884. I guess this photo was taken when she was about 20 years of age. The photo is currently with Brian Carrucan, her grandson. I am still to get a good copy so this is just in interim attempt. Kas married Frank Carrucan in 1915 but died in 1916 soon after bearing her first child Ken.
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1831 Thomas Sweeny Ticket of Leave156 viewsAfter 8 years as an assigned convict in the colony of New South Wales, Thomas Sweeney's Ticket of Leave, dated the 29th of November 1831, allowed him to work for himself. There is a notation on his Ticket of Leave butt dated 21st of March, 1834 which reads: ‘The holder of this Ticket is permitted to voyage between Illawarra & Sydney for trading purposes.’ It is signed, Alexander McLeay, Colonial Secretary’s Office. The Ticket of Leave has a further notation in 1835: ‘Allowed by the Colonial Secretary’s letter No. 35/613 dated 9th November 1835, Trade between Manning River and Sydney but not allowed to cut cedar.’
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1924 - Frank Sweeney, Perth155 viewsFrank Sweeney, who was born 26 May 1882 and who died 18 August 1952, was a grandson of Thomas Sweeney. He relocated from Eltham to Perth somewhere around 1904. In the 1906 Electoral Roll, he is a driver living in Park St, Subiaco. He and his wife Ellen (Sullivan) had 7 children, born between 1912 and 1925.
This photo shows him at work in his carrier business. The photo is captioned "With Compliments, Autocars (1924) Ltd. The tray is painted "CARRIER FRANK SWEENEY SUBIACO".
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1834 - 1867 Thomas Sweeney Signatures154 viewsThomas Sweeney could sign his name and could probably read well enough to survive in business, but he always had a friend or professional scribe write the letters he sent to government departments.
Peter Cuffley has collected a number of signatures from Thomas Sweeney, ranging from 1834 to 1867.
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1840s Sweeney leasehold Boroondara154 viewsThis hand drawn map, based on a drawing from around 1845, shows the Boroondara allotments which were then up for sale and on which Thomas Sweeney was one of the squatters. The Sweeney hut was marked. The huts of David Balfour and John Walker were also recorded. The land sale notices stated that huts and bush fences were still there.
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1883 - John Sweeney Diary153 viewsJohn Sweeney intermittently kept a personal diary (hand written in an old exercise book) between the years of 1881 and 1883. It was passed onto his daughter Mary Carrucan) who in turn passed it onto her son Jack. Jack passed it onto his sister Betty (Erickson) who in turn passed it onto her son Tim Erickson. It is currently being looked after by Tim. It documents the sort of subsistence farming which framed the lives of the early Eltham settlers. The diet was one of cutting wood, ploughing, planting or digging up potatoes, taking produce or wood to Melbourne to sell and the various special occasions when someone visited or the family visited someone.
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1838 Marriage Thomas Sweeney Margaret Meehan153 viewsOn the 30th of January, 1838, Margaret Meehan lands in Sydney from the 476 ton barque ‘Strathfieldsaye’ as an assisted immigrant. She marries Thomas Sweeney on the 23rd of April, 1838 at St Mary’s Church, Sydney, and the witnesses are Daniel Meehan and Peter Bodecin. The priest is Father John McEncroe and given that Margaret cannot sign her name he witnesses the cross she makes.
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1927 - aunts at Eltham - Annie Smith, Ellen Hooley, Nessie Sweeney151 viewsThere was a constant flood of visitors to Dalton Street on weekends from the now far flung clans. The old aunts were especially formidable with their lilting Irish brogue and their strong personalities and independent ways.
A bevy of aunts - Annie Smith (1860-1934), Ellen Hooley (1874-1943) and Nessie Sweeney (1869-1955).
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1922-04-16 Ellen Sweeney in Mrs Cox's garden Eltham Easter Sunday 1922151 viewsThis photo shows Ellen Sweeney in Mrs Cox's garden in Eltham on Easter Sunday 1922. The writing on the back is as follows
Jackson St Casterton Aug 18. 23
Dear Girls, I was very pleased to receive your nice letters with news of your doings in Eltham. You put Casterton S.A., so your letters were a long time reaching me. As I hope to see you all very soon I shall just send a p.c. of me taken in Mrs Cox’s garden Easter Sunday 12 months ago. The river here has been in flood twice and people who lived along its banks had to move. I believe the Eltham PS is greatly improved. Betty says I shall get lost there now. Casterton is on the Glenelg R. in Vic so you will remember that next time. Best wishes to you all.
From E. Hooley
Ellen Sweeney was a former student of Eltham State School in the 1880s, She became a teacher at the school from 1891-1898. She returned in 1915 until her marriage to William Hooley of Casterton at St Marys, Eltham, Tuesday, April 24, 1923. see the following 2 articles, recording her wedding (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article56655781) and her death (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article57491650).
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1840s Robert Hoddle map of Parish of Nillumbik151 viewsThis Robert Hoddle map of the Parish of Nillumbik shows that a number of the subdivision sections have names allocated to them but not all. Thomas Sweeney has a 110 acre section adjoining the Yarra River. He subsequently leased section No. 6 of 810 acres, thus giving him a total of 920 acres to farm. An annotation on blocks 6 and 7 records "Stringy bark range thickly wooded".
As supplied by Peter Cuffley to Alan Marshall for his book Pioneers and Painters.
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1920 approx - Ellen (Nelly) Sweeney poses side saddle at Culla Hill150 viewsEllen (Nelly) Sweeney was one of the ten children born to John Francis Sweeney and Ellen Mary Sweeney nee Kenney. She was born in 1874 at Culla Hill and died in 1940. She was a fine horsewoman.
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1960s - Irish Photo150 viewsWaiting for further details on this one.
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1986 Ellie Goss, Jim Murray, Noel Murray with wife Marcella and Cath Cuffley150 viewsThis photo, of cousins Ellie Goss, Jim Murray, Noel Murray and wife Marcella, and Cath Cuffley, was taken at the Murray property, Laurel Hill, Etham North in 1986.
James Eugene ‘Jim’ Murray lived until 1993 and always welcomed cousins to the old house on the hill.
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1910 October - wedding of Michael Carrucan and Mary Sweeney of Eltham149 viewsThis shows the wedding of Mary Sweeney and Michael Carrucan at St John's Catholic Church in Heidelberg in October 1910.
Celebrant was Rev Fr. Parker.
From left to right: Kathleen Sweeney, Michael O'Heare, Michael Carrucan, Mary Carrucan, Thomas Sweeney, Ellen Smith
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1927 Christmas Card - Mary Ellen (Nellie) Murray149 viewsCard signed "Sincerely Yours,Nellie, Xmas 1927
Nellie Murray, Diamond Creek, Victoria, Australia"
The AGE of Wednesday 3rd August 1938, p14, reported
DEATHS: On August 2, at a private hospital, Albert Park, Mary Ellen, beloved and only daughter of James and the late Julia Murray of Eltham, and beloved sister of James, aged 30 years, RIP
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1835 Illawarra Lake painting by Conrad Martens, Wollongong Art Gallery149 viewsThe 1835 painting 'Illawarra Lake' by Conrad Martens shows remnant forest including a Cabbage Tree Palm, along with a horse and figures and the lake beyond. Thomas Sweeney was one of those who transported the cut wood from the Illawarra to Sydney in his coastal cutter.
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1971 Pioneers and Painters page 10148 viewsIn the years leading up to 1971, the centenary of the Eltham Shire's birth, the Council felt that the publication of a Shire history would fittingly mark the century of achievement. Well known author Alan Marshall, who was an Eltham resident, took on the task and the end result was the wonderful Pioneers and Painters book. As part of his research, Marshall reached out to many people including Peter Cuffley (who was his source for information on Thomas Sweeney) and my uncle Jack Carrucan (who was also very knowledgeable about the early days of the Shire).
Front Cover
Pioneers and Painters is a wonderful history of the early settlement of Eltham and the surrounding towns - Kangaroo Ground, Queenstown, Panton Hill, Christmass Hills, Yarra Glen, Kinglake. It is still generally available for purchase at second hand bookshops and via online vendors and I would recommend it to everyone.
This book is also the first to acknowledge Thomas Sweeney's early footprint in the Eltham district and his pioneering settlement at Culla Hill.
For completeness, here are the 2 pages in 'Pioneers and Painters' that refer to Thomas Sweeney.
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1847 - Edward Dunn convict 1769-1850148 viewsA legal dispute between Thomas Sweeney and one of his employees, Edward Dunn, was reported by the Port Phillip Herald of Thursday 22nd July 1847. Peter Cuffley has investigated the background of Edward Dunn and this information is captured in the attached image.
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1883 - John Sweeney Diary146 viewsJohn Sweeney intermittently kept a personal diary (hand written in an old exercise book) between the years of 1881 and 1883. It was passed onto his daughter Mary Carrucan) who in turn passed it onto her son Jack. Jack passed it onto his sister Betty (Erickson) who in turn passed it onto her son Tim Erickson. It is currently being looked after by Tim. It documents the sort of subsistence farming which framed the lives of the early Eltham settlers. The diet was one of cutting wood, ploughing, planting or digging up potatoes, taking produce or wood to Melbourne to sell and the various special occasions when someone visited or the family visited someone.
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1820s Cork Harbour showing the prison hulk Surprise144 viewsOn the 14th of May 1823, Thomas Sweeney and Michael Connors left Clonmel Gaol and under armed escort were transferred to the Convict Depot at Cork. From there they were later taken by steam packet to the Cove of Cork (Cobh) and placed on the Prison Hulk Surprise. This former Royal Navy frigate, built in the shipyards in Milford, Wales in 1812, was modified as a hulk in 1822-23. This 1820s print shows the 'Surprise' in Cork Harbour.
Collection Peter Cuffley
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